Difference between revisions of "Universal suffrage in the United States"

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As its name suggests the United States is a federal state. On joining federation the states ceded certain powers to the federal government but retained other powers for themselves. As a result, suffrage was granted at different times by different states and the federal government.<ref>https://archive.is/uoBM4</ref>
   
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{{Suffrage definition}}
   
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{| class="sortable wikitable"
−  
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!Jurisdiction
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!Universal Male Suffrage
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!Universal Female Suffrage
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!Difference (years)
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!class="unsortable"|Notes
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|-
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|United States||1870||1920 ||50 ||Information in Wikipedia differs from that presented here due to a different definition for Universal Male Suffrage.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_suffrage</ref>
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|-
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|Alabama||1893||1920||27||
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|-
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|Arizona||1891||1912||21||
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|-
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|Arkansas||1891||1917||26||
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|-
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|California||1891||1911||20||
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|-
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|Colorado||1891||1893||2||
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|-
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|Connecticut||1909||1920||11||
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|-
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|Delaware||1891||1920||29||
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|-
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|Florida||1895||1920||25||
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|-
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|Georgia||1922||1922||0||
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|-
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|Idaho||1891||1896||5||
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|-
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|Illinois||1891||1913||22||
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|-
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|Indiana||1889||1919||30||
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|-
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|Iowa||1892||1919||27||
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|-
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|Kansas||1893||1912||19||
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|-
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|Kentucky||1882||1920||38||
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|-
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|Louisiana||1896||1920||24||
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|-
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|Maine||1891||1919||28||
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|-
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|Maryland||1892||1920||28||
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|-
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|Massachusetts||1888||1920||32||
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|-
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|Michigan||1891||1918||27||
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|-
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|Minnesota||1891||1919||28||
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|-
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|Mississippi||1890||1920||30||
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|-
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|Missouri||1891||1919||28||
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|-
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|Montana||1889||1914||25||
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|-
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|Nebraska||1891||1917||26||
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|-
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|Nevada||1891||1914||23||
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|-
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|New Hampshire||1891||1920||29||
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|-
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|New Jersey||1911||1920||9||
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|-
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|New Mexico||1912||1920||8||
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|-
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|New York||1895||1917||22||
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|-
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|North Carolina||1929||1929||0||Later than federal elections due to the late introduction of the secret ballot.
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|-
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|North Dakota||1891||1917||26||
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|-
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|Ohio||1891||1919||28||
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|-
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|Oklahoma||1890||1918||28||
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|-
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|Oregon||1891||1912||21||
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|-
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|Pennsylvania||1891||1920||29||
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|-
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|Rhode Island||1889||1917||28||
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|-
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|South Carolina||1950||1950||0||Later than federal elections due to the late introduction of the secret ballot.
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|-
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|South Dakota||1891||1918||27||
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|-
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|Tennessee||1921||1921||0||Later than federal elections due to the late introduction of the secret ballot.
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|-
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|Texas||1905||1918||13||
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|-
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|Utah||1896||1896||0||Became a state in 1896.
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|-
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|Vermont||1890||1920||30||
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|-
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|Virginia||1894||1920||26||
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|-
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|Washington||1890||1910||20||
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|-
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|West Virginia||1891||1920||29||
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|-
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|Wisconsin||1894||1919||25||
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|-
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|Wyoming||1890||1890||0||Became a state in 1890.
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|-
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|}
   
 
== See Also ==
  
== See Also ==
   
 
*[[Suffrage]]
  
*[[Suffrage]]
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*[[Universal suffrage]]
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*[[Suffrage around the world]]
  
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*[[Suffrage in Australia]]
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*[[Universal suffrage in Australia]]
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*[[Suffrage in Canada]]
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*[[Universal suffrage in Canada]]
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== External Links ==
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*[https://archive.is/CDFr Timeline]
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== References ==
   
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{{Featured}}
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[[Category:Australia]]
  
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{{Lists}}
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[[Category:Suffrage]]
  
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{{Suffrage}}
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{{US}}

Latest revision as of 05:23, 25 May 2024

As its name suggests the United States is a federal state. On joining federation the states ceded certain powers to the federal government but retained other powers for themselves. As a result, suffrage was granted at different times by different states and the federal government.[1]

The following definitions are used in the table below:

Universal Male Suffrage: Men of the majority ethnic group are permitted one secret vote in free elections irrespective of possession of land, wealth, education levels or literacy levels where the minimum age is no higher than 21.

This differs from the definition used in the English Wikipedia as it considers universal male suffrage to begin when men of the majority ethnic group of any age received the franchise without further qualification. The English Wikipedia definition would mean that in reality only a minority of men would have the franchise and makes it appear that universal male suffrage was enacted earlier than it really was.

Universal Female Suffrage: Women of the majority ethnic group are permitted one secret vote in free elections irrespective of possession of land, wealth, education levels or literacy levels where the minimum age is no higher than 21.

It is universally accepted within psephology that some citizens may be deprived of suffrage while a jurisdiction can still be considered to have Universal Suffrage. Examples of citizens so deprived include military officers, citizens who are non-resident, citizens serving a term of imprisonment and citizens with serious criminal records.

If minority ethnic suffrage was counted as a requirement for universal male and female suffrage then the dates of universal suffrage would be much later for many nations. This would unfortunately obscure important information pertaining to universal suffrage and gender - that in general there was little or no delay between universal male and universal female suffrage of the majority ethnic group in most nations. The exclusion of minority ethnic suffrage in this manner is also consistent with the norms of psephology when considering universal male and universal female suffrage.

Jurisdiction Universal Male Suffrage Universal Female Suffrage Difference (years) Notes
United States 1870 1920 50 Information in Wikipedia differs from that presented here due to a different definition for Universal Male Suffrage.[2]
Alabama 1893 1920 27
Arizona 1891 1912 21
Arkansas 1891 1917 26
California 1891 1911 20
Colorado 1891 1893 2
Connecticut 1909 1920 11
Delaware 1891 1920 29
Florida 1895 1920 25
Georgia 1922 1922 0
Idaho 1891 1896 5
Illinois 1891 1913 22
Indiana 1889 1919 30
Iowa 1892 1919 27
Kansas 1893 1912 19
Kentucky 1882 1920 38
Louisiana 1896 1920 24
Maine 1891 1919 28
Maryland 1892 1920 28
Massachusetts 1888 1920 32
Michigan 1891 1918 27
Minnesota 1891 1919 28
Mississippi 1890 1920 30
Missouri 1891 1919 28
Montana 1889 1914 25
Nebraska 1891 1917 26
Nevada 1891 1914 23
New Hampshire 1891 1920 29
New Jersey 1911 1920 9
New Mexico 1912 1920 8
New York 1895 1917 22
North Carolina 1929 1929 0 Later than federal elections due to the late introduction of the secret ballot.
North Dakota 1891 1917 26
Ohio 1891 1919 28
Oklahoma 1890 1918 28
Oregon 1891 1912 21
Pennsylvania 1891 1920 29
Rhode Island 1889 1917 28
South Carolina 1950 1950 0 Later than federal elections due to the late introduction of the secret ballot.
South Dakota 1891 1918 27
Tennessee 1921 1921 0 Later than federal elections due to the late introduction of the secret ballot.
Texas 1905 1918 13
Utah 1896 1896 0 Became a state in 1896.
Vermont 1890 1920 30
Virginia 1894 1920 26
Washington 1890 1910 20
West Virginia 1891 1920 29
Wisconsin 1894 1919 25
Wyoming 1890 1890 0 Became a state in 1890.

See Also

External Links

References

  1. ↑ https://archive.is/uoBM4
  2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_suffrage
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