Female rulers
Despite widely held opinions to the contrary, there is growing evidence that female leaders are more likely to start and continue wars than male leaders.
Medieveal Europe
A major study on European monarchs found that Queens Regnant were more likely than Kings to start new wars and to continue the wars of their predecessors. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Modern female leaders: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2019.1683008
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636412.2020.1763450
https://www.reddit.com/r/unpopularopinion/comments/8k6lpq/women_as_a_voting_group_are_far_more/
Modern World
The book Why Leaders Fight includes an analysis of world leaders from 1875 to 2004 and examines whether gender has an impact on the likelihood of engaging in armed conflict. The authors found that 30% of men and 36% of women engaged in at least one armed conflict during their time in power.[10]
Conflict
Consistent with the literature on stereotypes, we find that increases in women’s legislative representation decreases conflict behavior and defense spending, while the presence of women executives increases both.[11][12]
...we find that polities ruled by queens were 27% more likely to participate in inter-state conflicts, compared to polities ruled by kings.[13]
Selected Female Rulers
- Merneith (Africa, 13th century BCE)
- Hatshepsut (Africa, 1508-1458 BCE)
- Artemisia I of Caria (Asia, 5th century BCE)
- Olympias (Europe, 375-316 BCE)
- Cleopatra Thea (Africa, 164-121 BCE)
- Cleopatra VII (Africa, 69-30 BCE)
- Boudica (Europe, 20-60 CE)
- Zenobia (West Asia, 240-275 CE)
- Empress Suiko (East Asia, 554-628 CE)
- Empress Wu Zetian (East Asia, 625-705 CE)
- Irene of Athens (West Asia, 752-803 CE)
- Theophano (West Asia, 943-969 CE)
- Theophano (Europe, 956-991 CE)
- Margaret of Austria (Europe, 1480-1530 CE)
- Catherine of Austria (Europe, 1507-1578 CE)
- Mary I (Europe, 1516-1558 CE)
- Elizabeth I (Europe, 1533-1603 CE)
- Joan of Austria (Europe, 1535-1573 CE)
- Mary Queen of Scots (Europe, 1542-1587 CE)
- Catherine the Great (Europe, 1729-1796 CE)
Societies from the Americas are lacking from the list above due to lack of historical records. It is likely that ancient societies in the Americas had similar proportions of female rulers. Female rulers, while a minority, were common around the world.
Files
Female rulers is a draft article and may contain little or no information on the topic but notes are available below.
This article will not be published on A Voice for Men or appear in random article selections. Wiki4Men is looking for trustworthy editors that can turn draft articles in to featured articles. Information on how to apply is on the Main Page.
In lieu of the article, the following is provided:
General Information
The main purpose of Wiki4Men is to provide a repository for information, studies, and research on men and boys and the broad range of issues affecting them, without feminist, misandric, gynocentric or woke bias. Wiki4Men also discusses issues of interest to MRAs, documents the evolution of the men's rights movement itself & misandry for posterity, and discusses issues of identity politics beyond the sphere of gender. The primary audience for Wiki4Men is MRAs, supporters of men's rights and the genuinely curious.
Starting in November 2023 topics that are more likely to be of interest to men are being added to the wiki.
The table below provides information on the number of articles in Wiki4Men.
| Category | Number |
|---|---|
| Biographies | 4,724 |
| Featured | 1,610 |
| Glossary | 472 |
| Unknown Persons | 268 |
| Information Technology | 42 |
| Draft Articles | 5,572 |
Featured articles may appear on A Voice for Men or other sites.
Wiki4Men is brought to you by A Voice for Men. More information on the wiki itself is available here. The Managing Editor is Robert Brockway.
In order to use the site, search for a term that interests you, choose from our Featured Articles or try a random article.
This site encourages publication of factual information about men and women and the cultural contexts in which they meet. It aims to be the keeper of rational and evidence-based conclusions, while rejecting popular forms of gender bigotry.
Due to licence compatibility articles may be imported from Wikipedia with appropriate attribution. These articles can then be corrected for woke bias and other problems. Generally only selected sections of articles are imported from Wikipedia as many Wikipedia articles are now so long that they obscure important information.
Wiki4Men rejects gynocentric and misandric narratives.
Draft Notes
References
- ↑ http://odube.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Queens_Oct2015.pdf
- ↑ http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/queens-on-attack
- ↑ http://mentalfloss.com/article/74643/europes-queens-were-more-likely-go-war-its-kings
- ↑ https://www.nber.org/papers/w23337.pdf
- ↑ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7667033/Queens-gone-war-kings-centuries-historic-study-finds.html
- ↑ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4454964/Female-rulers-27-likely-wage-WAR-males.html
- ↑ https://qz.com/967895/throughout-history-women-rulers-were-more-likely-to-wage-war-than-men/
- ↑ https://qz.com/1115269/would-the-world-be-more-peaceful-if-there-were-more-women-leaders/
- ↑ https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-general/warlike-queens-0012861
- ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/kimelsesser/2022/03/08/sheryl-sandberg-says-female-leaders-dont-go-to-war-heres-what-research-says/?sh=1134d7011fa7
- ↑ https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1017/S0022381610000824
- ↑ https://archive.ph/QWYMN
- ↑ https://www.nber.org/papers/w23337.pdf