Gender-based violence
Gender-based violence (GBV) is defined as violence that is targeted at women or men because of their sex and/or their socially constructed gender roles. Both men and women can be victims and perpetrators, and the violence is gender-based owing to beliefs about gender that justify or naturalize it. Gender-based violence is a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination.[1][2]
Gender-based violence against males
With rare exceptions, international efforts to address gender-based violence, and formal advocacy for and evaluating such efforts, have tended to focus primarily on the kinds of gender-based violence experienced by women. Men and older boys are rarely acknowledged as victims of violence and other forms of gender-based abuse, and when it is acknowledged these kinds of harms have not generally been analyzed or discussed in detail in efforts to counteract gender-based violence against them.[2] Charli Parker of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs in Pittsburgh USA has argued that all violence against men (including sexual violence, forced conscription, and sex-selective massacre) must be recognized as 'gender based', condemned, and addressed by all international human welfare agencies.[2]