Margaret Elaine Hamilton

Margaret Hamilton, 1995.

Margaret Elaine Hamilton (née Heafield; born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo program. She later founded two software companies—Higher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Hamilton has published more than 130 papers, proceedings, and reports, about sixty projects, and six major programs. She invented the term "software engineering", stating "I began to use the term ‘software engineering’ to distinguish it from hardware and other kinds of engineering, yet treat each type of engineering as part of the overall systems engineering process."

On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of the flight guidance software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions.

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/13/margaret-hamilton-computer-scientist-interview-software-apollo-missions-1969-moon-landing-nasa-women

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Hamilton_(software_engineer)

https://news.mit.edu/2016/scene-at-mit-margaret-hamilton-apollo-code-0817

https://old.reddit.com/r/Colorization/comments/gze0ej/margaret_hamilton_lead_software_engineer_of_the/futsisw/

Stack of Code

Since the early 2020s a picture of Hamilton next to a stack of code has circulated widely online. The picture is often accompanied by erroneous captions that claim that this was a single listing of the code used to send men to the Moon and that she wrote the code alone. These claims are false.

Many listings were stacked on top of one another to reach her height. The code was written by her and the team that she led. This team developed the flight guidance software.

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Tribute

In 2019, to celebrate 50 years to the Apollo landing, Google decided to make a tribute to Hamilton. The mirrors at the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight.