From the river to the sea

From the river to the sea is a political slogan associated with Palestinian nationalism. The slogan refers geographically to the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, which includes the State of Israel and the Palestinian territories: the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip.

The slogan has been employed by political groups since the 1960s to advocate for Palestinian liberation, with origins in the Palestinian National Council's initial charters, which demanded a Palestinian state geographically encompassing the historic boundaries of Mandatory Palestine, and a removal of a majority of its Jewish population. Though the official Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) demand was later effectively withdrawn as part of the Oslo accords,[11][12][13] the slogan's meaning remains contentious, with some groups insisting it remains a call for the dismantling of the Jewish state.

Conversely, the slogan has come to be interpreted by some as advocating for a democratic state of Palestine encompassing what is today Israel and the Palestinian territories, where individuals of all religions would have equal citizenship.[1][17][18] Others have simply said it stands for "the equal freedom and dignity of the Palestinian people."

The slogan has been used by militant groups – including Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad – that have vowed to destroy Israel. It is regarded by many to be antisemitic or hate speech, suggesting that it denies the right of Jews for self-determination, or advocates for their removal or extermination. It has also come under scrutiny in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, where it has been proposed to classify its usage as a criminal offense.

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