Female leaders
Despite widely held opinions to the contrary, there is growing evidence that female leaders are more likely to start and continue wars than male leaders.
Medieveal Europe
A major study on European monarchs
- http://odube.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Queens_Oct2015.pdf
- http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/queens-on-attack
- http://mentalfloss.com/article/74643/europes-queens-were-more-likely-go-war-its-kings
- https://www.nber.org/papers/w23337.pdf
- https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7667033/Queens-gone-war-kings-centuries-historic-study-finds.html
- https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4454964/Female-rulers-27-likely-wage-WAR-males.html
- https://qz.com/967895/throughout-history-women-rulers-were-more-likely-to-wage-war-than-men/
- https://qz.com/1115269/would-the-world-be-more-peaceful-if-there-were-more-women-leaders/
Modern female leaders: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2019.1683008
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636412.2020.1763450
https://www.reddit.com/r/unpopularopinion/comments/8k6lpq/women_as_a_voting_group_are_far_more/
Modern World
The book Why Leaders Fight includes an analysis of world leaders from 1875 to 2004 and examines whether gender has an impact on the likelihood of engaging in armed conflict.
Authors of the book Why Leaders Fight analyzed every world leader from 1875 to 2004 and statistically examined gender differences in military aggression. They found that 36% of the female leaders initiated at least one militarized dispute, while only 30% of male leaders did the same. [1]