Reciprocal partner violence

• http://www.domesticviolenceresearch.org/domestic-violence-facts-and-statistics-at-a-glance/

This is PASK, one of the best sources we have, of course. I always describe it as the largest meta-analysis of DV/IPV research ever undertaken. It is not focussed on gender but rather analyses many variables. When it looks at gender it finds near gender parity in IPV and also finds a hight rate of reciprocal IPV, which is refers to as bi-directional.

Look under "Bi-directional vs. Uni-directional"

The high rates of reciprocal IPV show that the Duluth model is wrong. IPV is not men trying to control women.

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395835

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1854883/

• http://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176%2Fpn.42.15.0031a

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39011224

• http://pb.rcpsych.org/content/35/1/33.1

• http://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8145801d-8fc5-4d3e-931d-f0ffcf3bffbc&subId=298676

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3384540/

• https://www.hindawi.com/archive/2015/502703/

• https://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/ID41E2.pdf

• http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2005.079020

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26062874

• http://sti.bmj.com/content/early/2017/01/04/sextrans-2016-052873