STEM 365

This is an on-going project to build a list of 365 men that have made outstanding contributions in a STEM field other than in the development or use of weapons. All birth dates listed are in the Gregorian Calendar even if this calendar was not in use at the time and location of their birth. In some cases birth dates may be approximate. Names on the list may be replaced if better candidates are discovered.

Day	Month	Year	Name	Notes
1	January	1894	Satyendra Nath Bose	Physicist. Polymath. Collaborated with Albert Einstein to establish Bose-Einstein statistics, which is fundamental to modern physics.
2	January	1941	Donald B. Keck	Invented optical fiber.
3	January	1906	William Wilson Morgan	Established that the Milky Way galaxy has spiral arms and co-developed stellar luminosity classes.
4	January	1809	Louis Braille	Developed Braille writing, now widely used by people with sight impairment.
5	January	1909	Stephen Cole Kleene	Mathematician. His work underpins theoretical computer science.
6	January	1906	Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier	Co-developed the hot-air balloon with his brother Joseph-Michel Montgolfier.
7	January	1871	Émile Borel	Mathematician. Made important contributions to probability theory and was an early researcher in game theory.
8	January	1942	Stephen Hawking	World famous and influential astrophysicist and cosmologist.
9	January	1950	Alec Jeffreys	Geneticist. Discovered how to DNA fingerprint individual humans. This has been used to exonerate many who have been falsely accused.
10	January	1911	Norman Heatley	Biochemist. Developed a method of mass producing penicillin resulting in its wide availability.
11	January	1887	Aldo Leopold	Prominent early environmentalist.
12	January	1579	Jan Baptista van Helmont	Coined the term 'gas' and was the first to establish the existence of gasses other than air.
13	January	1864	Wilhelm Wien	Prolific physicist. Significantly advanced the understanding of heat. Discovered the proton.
14	January	1801	Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart	Considered to be the founder of modern paleobotany.
15	January	1785	William Prout	Various discoveries. Advanced understanding of atomic physics. His work influenced the naming of the proton by Ernest Rutherford.
16	January	1477	Johannes Schöner	Mathematician, astronomer and geographer. Early and influential globe-maker.
17	January	1706	Benjamin Franklin	Polymath.
18	January
19	January	1736	James Watt	Engineer and inventor. Watt's steam engine contributed substantially to the industrial revolution.
20	January	1775	André-Marie Ampère	Significant advancements in electromagnetism.
21	January	1843	Émile Levassor	Significant contributions to the development of the modern automobile.
22	January	1908	Lev Davidovich Landau	Made significant contributions to theoretical physics. Received 1962 Nobel prize for physics.
23	January	1862	David Hilbert	Distinguished mathematician.
24	January	1955	Alan Sokal	Physicist. Critical of postmodernism. Responsible for the Sokal affair.
25	January
26	January
27	January
28	January
29	January
30	January
31	January
1	February
2	February
3	February
4	February	1943	Kenneth Lane Thompson	Co-developed the UNIX operating system which revolutionised computing.
8	February	1834	Dmitri Mendeleev	Chemist and Inventor. Formulated the Periodic Law.
9	February	1846	Wilhelm Maybach	Engineer. Pioneer in the development of the automobile.
12	February	1809	Charles Darwin	Established the idea of evolution through natural selection.
15	February	1564	Galileo Galilei	Polymath.
18	February	1745	Alessandro Volta	Credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.
19	February	1943	Nicolaus Copernicus	Polymath. Known for astronomy.
20	February	1844	Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann	Founded the field of statistical mechanics. Proposed the Boltzmann brain thought experiment.
27	February	1899	Charles Best	Co-discoverer of insulin.
28	February	1901	Linus Pauling	Chemist, Biochemist, Chemical Engineer.
3	March	1847	Alexander Graham Bell	Prolific inventor.
4	March	1847	Carl Josef Bayer	Developed the process to cheaply extract Aluminium from Bauxite.
7	March	1788	Antoine César Becquerel	Pioneer in the study of electric and luminescent phenomena.
9	March	1934	Yuri Gagarin	First person to travel in to space.
11	March	1926	Thomas Starzl	Pioneered organ transplantation.
12	March	1838	William Henry Perkin	Discovered the first synthetic dye. This revolutionised the clothing industry and even reduced the demand for slaves.
14	March	1879	Albert Einstein	Mathematician. Proposed both special and general relativity. His work helped to establish quantum mechanics even though he always rejected it.
15	March
16	March	1953	Richard Stallman	Founded the Free Software Foundation and was a major figure in the establishment of Free and open-source software.
17	March
18	March	1858	Rudolf Diesel	Invented the Diesel engine.
23	March	1913	Paul Erdős	Mathematician. Known for living an itinerant lifestyle in his later years in which he travelled the world and collaborated with world-class mathematicians on solving extremely difficult problems. Continues to be remembered in the Erdős Number.
24	March	1820	Edmond Becquerel	Discovered the photovoltaic effect.
29	March	1821	William Lyman	Credited with inventing the rotating wheel can opener.
31	March	1596	René Descartes	Philosopher, mathematician and scientist.
1	April	1578	William Harvey	First to accurately describe how blood circulates in the body.
5	April	1827	Joseph Lister	Pioneer of antiseptic surgery.
9	April	1806	Isambard Kingdom Brunel	Prolific engineer & inventor.
15	April	1452	Leonardo da Vinci	Polymath.
16	April	1867	Wilbur Wright	Early innovator in aeronautics alongside his brother Orville.
21	April	1909	Józef Kosacki	Invented the first portable mine detector.
22	April	1946	Paul Davies	Prolific physicist.
23	April	1858	Max Planck	Founder of quantum theory.
28	April	1906	Kurt Gödel
29	April
30	April	1777	Carl Friedrich Gauss	Mathematician and physicist that made significant contributions in both fields.
1	May
2	May	1844	Elijah McCoy	Significant innovations in steam engine design.
3	May
4	May
5	May
6	May
7	May
8	May	1786	Thomas Hancock	Invented the masticator, a machine used to recycle and reshape rubber scraps. This technology resulted in many new uses for rubber.
11	May	1918	Richard Feynman	Prolific physicist. Developed Feynman Diagrams.
15	May	1859	Pierre Curie
17	May	1749	Edward Jenner
22	May	1814	Joseph-Louis Lambot	Co-inventor of Ferro-cement along with Joseph Monier.
23	May	1707	Carl Linnaeus	Early and influential ecologist.
24	May	1544	William Gilbert	Significantly advanced early understanding of magnetism. Discovered that the Earth itself is a magnet.
1	June	1907	Frank Whittle	Invented the Turbojet engine.
8	June	1916	Tim Berners-Lee	Developed the World Wide Web.
9	June	1781	George Stephenson	Engineer, inventor and pioneer of rail transportation.
10	June	1913	Edward Abraham	Intrumental in the development of early antibiotics.
13	June	1928	John Nash	Fundamental contributor to game theory.
15	June	1915	Fred Hoyle	Formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis - that stars are powered by nuclear fusion. Proponent of panspermia. Coined the term Big Bang as a derogatory term for what was then a new theory.
19	June	1623	Blaise Pascal	Developed probability theory in mathematics.
22	June	1910	Konrad Zuse	Developed the first electronic programmable computer.
23	June	1912	Alan Turing	Computer Scientist, Mathematician. Developed the theoretical underpinnings of modern computing.
1	July	1646	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	Polymath.
2	July	1906	Hans Albrecht Bethe	Physicist. Conducted seminal work on quantum mechanics.
3	July	1935	Harrison “Jack” Schmitt	Scientist-Astronaut. Spent three days on the Lunar surface as part of the Apollo 17 mission.
4	July	1883	Rube Goldberg	Engineer & cartoonist. Satirised modern society's preoccupation with technology. Established the concept of the Rube Goldberg machine.
10	July	1856	Nikola Tesla	Prolific inventor.
12	July	1895	Buckminster Fuller	Prolific inventor.
20	July	1822	Gregor Mendel	Founder of the science of Genetics.
22	July	1888	Selman Waksman	Discovered streptomycin, which was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis.
30	July	1863	Henry Ford	Inventing the modern production line. Improvements in automobile engineering.
6	August	1881	Alexander Flemming	Discovered penicillin.
14	August	1777	Hans Oersted	Discovered the relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields, an important step paving the way towards the use of electricity.
19	August	1871	Orville Wright	Early innovator in aeronautics alongside his brother Wilbur.
23	August	1769	Georges Cuvier	Founder of Paleontology.
24	August	1918	Ray McIntire	Invented Styrofoam.
26	August	1906	Albert Bruce Sabin	Developed the first oral polio vaccine.
30	August	1871	Ernest Rutherford	Physicist. Established the existence of the atomic nucleus.
6	September	1766	John Dalton	Proposed modern atomic theory.
9	September	1941	Dennis Ritchie	Developed the C programming language and co-developed UNIX. Both revolutionised computing.
16	September	1913	Ermal Cleon "Ernie" Fraze	Invented the pull-tab, also known as the ring pull, used in canned beverages and increasingly canned food.
22	September	1791	Michael Faraday	Prolific and influential scientist.
24	September	1898	Howard Florey	Development of penicillin in to a useful and effective medication.
25	September	1866	Thomas Hunt Morgan	Established the chromosome theory of heredity.
26	September	1754	Joseph-Louis Proust	Found an important result leading to the modern science of chemistry.
27	September	1925	Sir Robert Edwards	Codeveloped in-vitro fertilization (IVF) of the human egg.
29	September	1901	Enrico Fermi	Prolific physicist.
2	October	1852	William Ramsey	Predicted and then discovered each noble gas. Created the world's first Neon light.
5	October	1882	Robert Goddard	Developed the first liquid-fuel rocket.
7	October	1885	Niels Bohr	Eminent Physicist.
16	October	1803	Robert Stephenson	Engineer, inventor, and pioneer of rail transportation.
27	October	1854	Miksa Déri	Developed the closed iron code transormer and the ZBD model along with Károly Zipernowsky and Ottó Bláthy, making modern AC power transmission possible.
28	October	1914	John Salk
1	November	1880	Alfred Wegener	Originator of the theory of continental drift.
8	November	1922	Christiaan Barnard	Cardiac surgeon. Performed the world's first human-to-human-heart transplant.
14	November	1891	Frederick Banting	Co-discoverer of insulin.
15	November	1738	William Herschel	Distinguished astronomer. Discovered Uranus.
20	November	1889	Edwin Hubble	Responsible for major advances in astronomy and cosmology.
23	November	1887	Henry Moseley
26	November	1876	Willis Carrier	Invented the air conditioner.
27	November	1701	Anders Celsius	Physicist, astronomer and mathematicians. Brought us the Celsius scale for temperature.
14	December	1546	Tycho Brahe
15	December	1852	Henri Becquerel	Shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie in 1903.
16	December	1917	Arthur C. Clarke	Science fiction writer. Made significant contributions to popularising science.
21	December	1803	Joseph Whitworth	Engineer, Inventor.
22	December	1887	Srinivasa Ramanujan	One of the greatest mathematicians of his time.
23	December
24	December	1938	Bob Kahn	Co-developed TCP/IP with Vint Cerf, paving the way for the modern Internet.
25	December	1642	Sir Isaac Newton	Polymath.
26	December	1791	Charles Babbage	Father of the computer.
27	December	1822	Louis Pasteur
28	December	1903	John von Neumann	Polymath.
29	December	1800	Charles Goodyear	Developed the process for vulcanizing rubber.
30	December	1954	Rodney Allen Brooks	Pioneer in artificial intelligence and robotics. Founded the company that produced the Roomba automated floor cleaner.
31	December	1929	Jeremy Bernstein	Physicist and prolific science educator.

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