Difference between revisions of "STEM 365"

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This will be a list of 365 men that have made outstanding contributions in a STEM field. All birth dates listed are in the Gregorian Calendar even if this calendar was not in use at the time and location of their birth. In some cases birth dates may be approximate. The list should not include men who's principal contributions were in the development or use of weapons. Names on the list may be replaced if better candidates are discovered.
+
This will be a list of 365 men that have made outstanding contributions in a STEM field other than in the development or use of weapons. All birth dates listed are in the Gregorian Calendar even if this calendar was not in use at the time and location of their birth. In some cases birth dates may be approximate. Names on the list may be replaced if better candidates are discovered.
   
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
Line 7: Line 7:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1894
 
|1894
|Satyendra Nath Bose
+
|[[Satyendra Nath Bose]]
|Physicist. Collaborated with Albert Einstein to establish Bose-Einstein statistics, which is fundamental to modern physics.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_01.htm</ref>
+
|Physicist. Polymath. Collaborated with Albert Einstein to establish Bose-Einstein statistics, which is fundamental to modern physics.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_01.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2
 
|2
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1941
 
|1941
|Donald B. Keck
+
|[[Donald B. Keck]]
 
|Invented optical fiber.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_02.htm</ref>
 
|Invented optical fiber.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_02.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 19: Line 19:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1906
 
|1906
|William Wilson Morgan
+
|[[William Wilson Morgan]]
 
|Established that the Milky Way galaxy has spiral arms and co-developed stellar luminosity classes.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_03.htm</ref>
 
|Established that the Milky Way galaxy has spiral arms and co-developed stellar luminosity classes.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_03.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 25: Line 25:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1809
 
|1809
|Louis Braille
+
|[[Louis Braille]]
 
|Developed Braille writing, now widely used by people with sight impairment.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_04.htm</ref>
 
|Developed Braille writing, now widely used by people with sight impairment.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_04.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 31: Line 31:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1909
 
|1909
|Stephen Cole Kleene
+
|[[Stephen Cole Kleene]]
 
|Mathematician. His work underpins theoretical computer science.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_05.htm</ref>
 
|Mathematician. His work underpins theoretical computer science.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_05.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 37: Line 37:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1906
 
|1906
|Jacques Étienne Montgolfier
+
|[[Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier]]
 
|Co-developed the hot-air balloon with his brother Jacques Étienne Montgolfier.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_06.htm</ref>
 
|Co-developed the hot-air balloon with his brother Jacques Étienne Montgolfier.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_06.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 43: Line 43:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1871
 
|1871
|Émile Borel
+
|[[Émile Borel]]
 
|Mathematician. Made important contributions to probability theory and was an early researcher in game theory.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_07.htm</ref>
 
|Mathematician. Made important contributions to probability theory and was an early researcher in game theory.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_07.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 49: Line 49:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1942
 
|1942
|Stephen W. Hawking
+
|[[Stephen Hawking]]
 
|World famous and influential astrophysicist and cosmologist.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_08.htm</ref>
 
|World famous and influential astrophysicist and cosmologist.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_08.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 55: Line 55:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1950
 
|1950
|Sir Alec Jefferys
+
|[[Sir Alec Jefferys]]
 
|Geneticist. Discovered how to ''DNA fingerprint'' individual humans. This has been used to exonerate many who have been [[falsely accused]].<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_09.htm</ref>
 
|Geneticist. Discovered how to ''DNA fingerprint'' individual humans. This has been used to exonerate many who have been [[falsely accused]].<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_09.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 61: Line 61:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1911
 
|1911
|Norman Heatley
+
|[[Norman Heatley]]
 
|Biochemist. Developed a method of mass producing penicillin resulting in its wide availability.
 
|Biochemist. Developed a method of mass producing penicillin resulting in its wide availability.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 67: Line 67:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1887
 
|1887
|Aldo Leopold
+
|[[Aldo Leopold]]
 
|Prominent early environmentalist.
 
|Prominent early environmentalist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 73: Line 73:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1579
 
|1579
|Jan Baptista van Helmont
+
|[[Jan Baptista van Helmont]]
 
|Coined the term 'gas' and was the first to establish the existence of gasses other than air.
 
|Coined the term 'gas' and was the first to establish the existence of gasses other than air.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 79: Line 79:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1864
 
|1864
|Wilhelm Wien
+
|[[Wilhelm Wien]]
 
|Prolific physicist. Discovered the proton.
 
|Prolific physicist. Discovered the proton.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 85: Line 85:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1801
 
|1801
|Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart
+
|[[Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart]]
 
|Considered to be the founder of modern paleobotany.
 
|Considered to be the founder of modern paleobotany.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 91: Line 91:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1785
 
|1785
|William Prout
+
|[[William Prout]]
 
|Various discoveries. Advanced understanding of atomic physics. His work influenced the naming of the proton by Ernest Rutherford.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/1/1_15.htm</ref>
 
|Various discoveries. Advanced understanding of atomic physics. His work influenced the naming of the proton by Ernest Rutherford.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/1/1_15.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 97: Line 97:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1477
 
|1477
|Johannes Schöner
+
|[[Johannes Schöner]]
 
|Mathematician, astronomer and geographer. Early and influential globe-maker.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_16.htm</ref>
 
|Mathematician, astronomer and geographer. Early and influential globe-maker.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_16.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 103: Line 103:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1706
 
|1706
|Benjamin Franklin
+
|[[Benjamin Franklin]]
 
|Polymath.
 
|Polymath.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 109: Line 109:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1880
 
|1880
|Paul Ehrenfest
+
|[[Paul Ehrenfest]]
 
|Theoretical physicist. Made significant contributions to statistical mechanics.
 
|Theoretical physicist. Made significant contributions to statistical mechanics.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 115: Line 115:
 
|January
 
|January
 
|1736
 
|1736
|James Watt
+
|[[James Watt]]
 
|Engineer and inventor. Watt's steam engine contributed substantially to the industrial revolution.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_19.htm</ref>
 
|Engineer and inventor. Watt's steam engine contributed substantially to the industrial revolution.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_19.htm</ref>
  +
|-
  +
|20
  +
|January
  +
|1775
  +
|[[André-Marie Ampère]]
  +
|Significant advancements in electromagnetism.
  +
|-
  +
|21
  +
|January
  +
|1843
  +
|[[Émile Levassor]]
  +
|Significant contributions to the development of the modern automobile.
  +
|-
  +
|22
  +
|January
  +
|1908
  +
|[[Lev Davidovich Landau]]
  +
|Made significant contributions to theoretical physics. Received 1962 Nobel prize for physics.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 127: Line 145:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1943
 
|1943
|Kenneth Lane Thompson
+
|[[Kenneth Lane Thompson]]
 
|Co-developed the UNIX operating system which revolutionised computing.
 
|Co-developed the UNIX operating system which revolutionised computing.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 139: Line 157:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1834
 
|1834
|Dmitri Mendeleev
+
|[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]
 
|Chemist and Inventor. Formulated the ''Periodic Law''.
 
|Chemist and Inventor. Formulated the ''Periodic Law''.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 145: Line 163:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1846
 
|1846
|Wilhelm Maybach
+
|[[Wilhelm Maybach]]
 
|Engineer. Pioneer in the development of the automobile.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/2/2_09.htm</ref>
 
|Engineer. Pioneer in the development of the automobile.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/2/2_09.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 157: Line 175:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1809
 
|1809
|Charles Darwin
+
|[[Charles Darwin]]
 
|Established the idea of evolution through natural selection.
 
|Established the idea of evolution through natural selection.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 169: Line 187:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1564
 
|1564
|Galileo Galilei
+
|[[Galileo Galilei]]
 
|Polymath.
 
|Polymath.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 181: Line 199:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1745
 
|1745
|Alessandro Volta
+
|[[Alessandro Volta]]
 
|Credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta</ref>
 
|Credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 187: Line 205:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1943
 
|1943
|Nicolaus Copernicus
+
|[[Nicolaus Copernicus]]
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
Line 193: Line 211:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1844
 
|1844
|Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann
+
|[[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]]
 
|Founded the field of statistical mechanics.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/2/2_20.htm</ref> Proposed the Boltzmann brain thought experiment.
 
|Founded the field of statistical mechanics.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/2/2_20.htm</ref> Proposed the Boltzmann brain thought experiment.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 204: Line 222:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1899
 
|1899
|Charles Best
+
|[[Charles Best]]
 
|Co-discoverer of insulin.
 
|Co-discoverer of insulin.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 210: Line 228:
 
|February
 
|February
 
|1901
 
|1901
|Linus Pauling
+
|[[Linus Pauling]]
 
|Chemist, Biochemist, Chemical Engineer.
 
|Chemist, Biochemist, Chemical Engineer.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 222: Line 240:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1847
 
|1847
|Alexander Graham Bell
+
|[[Alexander Graham Bell]]
 
|Prolific inventor.
 
|Prolific inventor.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 228: Line 246:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1847
 
|1847
|Carl Josef Bayer
+
|[[Carl Josef Bayer]]
 
|Developed the process to cheaply extract Aluminium from Bauxite.
 
|Developed the process to cheaply extract Aluminium from Bauxite.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 240: Line 258:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1934
 
|1934
|Yuri Gagarin
+
|[[Yuri Gagarin]]
|First man to travel in to space.
+
|First person to travel in to space.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 252: Line 270:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1926
 
|1926
|Thomas Starzl
+
|[[Thomas Starzl]]
 
|Pioneered organ transplantation.
 
|Pioneered organ transplantation.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 267: Line 285:
 
|Mathematician. Proposed both special and general relativity. His work helped to establish quantum mechanics even though he always rejected it.
 
|Mathematician. Proposed both special and general relativity. His work helped to establish quantum mechanics even though he always rejected it.
 
|-
 
|-
  +
|15
  +
|March
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|16
  +
|March
  +
|1953
  +
|[[Richard Stallman]]
  +
|Founded the [[Free Software Foundation]] and was a major figure in the establishment of [[Free and open-source software]].
  +
|-
  +
|17
  +
|March
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 276: Line 306:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1858
 
|1858
|Rudolf Diesel
+
|[[Rudolf Diesel]]
 
|Invented the Diesel engine.
 
|Invented the Diesel engine.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 288: Line 318:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1913
 
|1913
|Paul Erdős
+
|[[Paul Erdős]]
 
|Mathematician. Known for living an itinerant lifestyle in his later years in which he travelled the world and collaborated with world-class mathematicians on solving extremely difficult problems. Continues to be remembered in the Erdős Number.
 
|Mathematician. Known for living an itinerant lifestyle in his later years in which he travelled the world and collaborated with world-class mathematicians on solving extremely difficult problems. Continues to be remembered in the Erdős Number.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 300: Line 330:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1821
 
|1821
|William Lyman
+
|[[William Lyman]]
 
|Credited with inventing the rotating wheel can opener.
 
|Credited with inventing the rotating wheel can opener.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 312: Line 342:
 
|March
 
|March
 
|1596
 
|1596
|René Descartes
+
|[[René Descartes]]
 
|Philosopher, mathematician and scientist.
 
|Philosopher, mathematician and scientist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 318: Line 348:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1578
 
|1578
|William Harvey
+
|[[William Harvey]]
 
|First to accurately describe how blood circulates in the body.
 
|First to accurately describe how blood circulates in the body.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 330: Line 360:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1827
 
|1827
|Joseph Lister
+
|[[Joseph Lister]]
 
|Pioneer of antiseptic surgery.
 
|Pioneer of antiseptic surgery.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 342: Line 372:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1806
 
|1806
|Isambard Kingdom Brunel
+
|[[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]
 
|Prolific engineer & inventor.
 
|Prolific engineer & inventor.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 354: Line 384:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1452
 
|1452
|Leonardo da Vinci
+
|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]
 
|Polymath.
 
|Polymath.
  +
|-
  +
|16
  +
|April
  +
|1867
  +
|[[Wilbur Wright]]
  +
|Early innovator in aeronautics alongside his brother Orville.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 366: Line 402:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1909
 
|1909
|Józef Kosacki
+
|[[Józef Kosacki]]
 
|Invented the first portable mine detector.
 
|Invented the first portable mine detector.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 372: Line 408:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1946
 
|1946
|Paul Davies
+
|[[Paul Davies]]
 
|Prolific physicist.
 
|Prolific physicist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 378: Line 414:
 
|April
 
|April
 
|1858
 
|1858
|Max Planck
+
|[[Max Planck]]
 
|Founder of quantum theory.
 
|Founder of quantum theory.
  +
|-
  +
|30
  +
|April
  +
|1777
  +
|[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
  +
|Mathematician and physicist that made significant contributions in both fields.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8
 
|8
 
|May
 
|May
 
|1786
 
|1786
|Thomas Hancock
+
|[[Thomas Hancock]]
 
|Invented the masticator, a machine used to recycle and reshape rubber scraps. This technology resulted in many new uses for rubber.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/thomas-hancock-elastic-1991608</ref>
 
|Invented the masticator, a machine used to recycle and reshape rubber scraps. This technology resulted in many new uses for rubber.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/thomas-hancock-elastic-1991608</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 396: Line 438:
 
|May
 
|May
 
|1918
 
|1918
|Richard Feynman
+
|[[Richard Feynman]]
 
|Prolific physicist. Developed ''Feynmann Diagrams''.
 
|Prolific physicist. Developed ''Feynmann Diagrams''.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 408: Line 450:
 
|May
 
|May
 
|1859
 
|1859
|Pierre Curie
+
|[[Pierre Curie]]
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
Line 420: Line 462:
 
|May
 
|May
 
|1749
 
|1749
|Edward Jenner
+
|[[Edward Jenner]]
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
Line 432: Line 474:
 
|May
 
|May
 
|1814
 
|1814
|Joseph-Louis Lambot
+
|[[Joseph-Louis Lambot]]
 
|Co-inventor of Ferro-cement along with Joseph Monier.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lambot</ref>
 
|Co-inventor of Ferro-cement along with Joseph Monier.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lambot</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 438: Line 480:
 
|May
 
|May
 
|1707
 
|1707
|Carl Linnaeus
+
|[[Carl Linnaeus]]
 
|Early and influential ecologist.
 
|Early and influential ecologist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 450: Line 492:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1907
 
|1907
|Frank Whittle
+
|[[Frank Whittle]]
 
|Invented the Turbojet engine.
 
|Invented the Turbojet engine.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 462: Line 504:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1916
 
|1916
|Tim Berners-Lee
+
|[[Tim Berners-Lee]]
 
|Developed the World Wide Web.
 
|Developed the World Wide Web.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 468: Line 510:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1781
 
|1781
|George Stephenson
+
|[[George Stephenson]]
 
|Engineer, inventor and pioneer of rail transportation.
 
|Engineer, inventor and pioneer of rail transportation.
  +
|-
  +
|10
  +
|June
  +
|1913
  +
|[[Edward Abraham]]
  +
|Intrumental in the development of early antibiotics.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 480: Line 528:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1928
 
|1928
|John Nash
+
|[[John Nash]]
 
|Fundamental contributor to game theory.
 
|Fundamental contributor to game theory.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 492: Line 540:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1915
 
|1915
|Fred Hoyle
+
|[[Fred Hoyle]]
 
|Formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis - that stars are powered by nuclear fusion. Proponent of ''panspermia''. Coined the term ''Big Bang'' as a derogatory term for what was then a new theory.
 
|Formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis - that stars are powered by nuclear fusion. Proponent of ''panspermia''. Coined the term ''Big Bang'' as a derogatory term for what was then a new theory.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 504: Line 552:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1623
 
|1623
|Blaise Pascal
+
|[[Blaise Pascal]]
 
|Developed probability theory in mathematics.
 
|Developed probability theory in mathematics.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 516: Line 564:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1910
 
|1910
|Konrad Zuse
+
|[[Konrad Zuse]]
 
|Developed the first electronic programmable computer.
 
|Developed the first electronic programmable computer.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 522: Line 570:
 
|June
 
|June
 
|1912
 
|1912
|Alan Turing
+
|[[Alan Turing]]
 
|Computer Scientist, Mathematician. Developed the theoretical underpinnings of modern computing.
 
|Computer Scientist, Mathematician. Developed the theoretical underpinnings of modern computing.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 534: Line 582:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1646
 
|1646
|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
+
|[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]
 
|Polymath.
 
|Polymath.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 540: Line 588:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1906
 
|1906
|Hans Albrecht Bethe
+
|[[Hans Albrecht Bethe]]
 
|Physicist. Conducted seminal work on quantum mechanics.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/7/7_02.htm</ref>
 
|Physicist. Conducted seminal work on quantum mechanics.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/7/7_02.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 546: Line 594:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1935
 
|1935
|Harrison “Jack” Schmitt
+
|[[Harrison “Jack” Schmitt]]
 
|Scientist-Astronaut. Spent three days on the Lunar surface as part of the Apollo 17 mission.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/7/7_03.htm</ref>
 
|Scientist-Astronaut. Spent three days on the Lunar surface as part of the Apollo 17 mission.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/7/7_03.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 552: Line 600:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1883
 
|1883
|Rube Goldberg
+
|[[Rube Goldberg]]
 
|Engineer & cartoonist. Satirised modern society's preoccupation with technology. Established the concept of the Rube Goldberg machine.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/7/7_04.htm</ref>
 
|Engineer & cartoonist. Satirised modern society's preoccupation with technology. Established the concept of the Rube Goldberg machine.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/7/7_04.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 564: Line 612:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1856
 
|1856
|Nikola Tesla
+
|[[Nikola Tesla]]
 
|Prolific inventor.
 
|Prolific inventor.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 576: Line 624:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1895
 
|1895
|Buckminster Fuller
+
|[[Buckminster Fuller]]
 
|Prolific inventor.
 
|Prolific inventor.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 588: Line 636:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1822
 
|1822
|Gregor Mendel
+
|[[Gregor Mendel]]
 
|Founder of the science of Genetics.
 
|Founder of the science of Genetics.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 600: Line 648:
 
|July
 
|July
 
|1888
 
|1888
|Selman Waksman
+
|[[Selman Waksman]]
 
|Discovered streptomycin, which was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis.
 
|Discovered streptomycin, which was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis.
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|30
  +
|July
  +
|1863
  +
|[[Henry Ford]]
  +
|Inventing the modern production line. Improvements in automobile engineering.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 612: Line 672:
 
|August
 
|August
 
|1881
 
|1881
|Alexander Flemming
+
|[[Alexander Flemming]]
 
|Discovered penicillin.
 
|Discovered penicillin.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 624: Line 684:
 
|August
 
|August
 
|1777
 
|1777
|Hans Oersted
+
|[[Hans Oersted]]
 
|Discovered the relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields, an important step paving the way towards the use of electricity.
 
|Discovered the relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields, an important step paving the way towards the use of electricity.
  +
|-
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
|19
  +
|August
  +
|1871
  +
|[[Orville Wright]]
  +
|Early innovator in aeronautics alongside his brother Wilbur.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 636: Line 708:
 
|August
 
|August
 
|1769
 
|1769
|Georges Cuvier
+
|[[Georges Cuvier]]
 
|Founder of Paleontology.
 
|Founder of Paleontology.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 642: Line 714:
 
|August
 
|August
 
|1918
 
|1918
|Ray McIntire
+
|[[Ray McIntire]]
 
|Invented Styrofoam.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/8/8_24.htm</ref>
 
|Invented Styrofoam.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/8/8_24.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 654: Line 726:
 
|August
 
|August
 
|1906
 
|1906
|Albert Bruce Sabin
+
|[[Albert Bruce Sabin]]
 
|Developed the first oral polio vaccine.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/8/8_26.htm</ref>
 
|Developed the first oral polio vaccine.<ref>https://todayinsci.com/8/8_26.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 666: Line 738:
 
|August
 
|August
 
|1871
 
|1871
|Ernest Rutherford
+
|[[Ernest Rutherford]]
 
|Physicist. Established the existence of the atomic nucleus.
 
|Physicist. Established the existence of the atomic nucleus.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 678: Line 750:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1766
 
|1766
|John Dalton
+
|[[John Dalton]]
 
|Proposed modern atomic theory.
 
|Proposed modern atomic theory.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 690: Line 762:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1941
 
|1941
|Dennis Ritchie
+
|[[Dennis Ritchie]]
 
|Developed the C programming language and co-developed UNIX. Both revolutionised computing.
 
|Developed the C programming language and co-developed UNIX. Both revolutionised computing.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 702: Line 774:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1913
 
|1913
|Ermal Cleon "Ernie" Fraze
+
|[[Ermal Cleon "Ernie" Fraze]]
 
|Invented the pull-tab, also known as the ring pull, used in canned beverages and increasingly canned food.
 
|Invented the pull-tab, also known as the ring pull, used in canned beverages and increasingly canned food.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 714: Line 786:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1791
 
|1791
|Michael Faraday
+
|[[Michael Faraday]]
 
|Prolific and influential scientist.
 
|Prolific and influential scientist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 722: Line 794:
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
  +
|-
  +
|24
  +
|September
  +
|1898
  +
|[[Howard Florey]]
  +
|Development of penicillin in to a useful and effective medication.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|25
 
|25
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1866
 
|1866
|Thomas Hunt Morgan
+
|[[Thomas Hunt Morgan]]
 
|Established the chromosome theory of heredity.
 
|Established the chromosome theory of heredity.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 732: Line 810:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1754
 
|1754
|Joseph-Louis Proust
+
|[[Joseph-Louis Proust]]
 
|Found an important result leading to the modern science of chemistry.
 
|Found an important result leading to the modern science of chemistry.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 738: Line 816:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1925
 
|1925
|Sir Robert Edwards
+
|[[Sir Robert Edwards]]
 
|Codeveloped in-vitro fertilization (IVF) of the human egg.
 
|Codeveloped in-vitro fertilization (IVF) of the human egg.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 750: Line 828:
 
|September
 
|September
 
|1901
 
|1901
|Enrico Fermi
+
|[[Enrico Fermi]]
 
|Prolific physicist.
 
|Prolific physicist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 762: Line 840:
 
|October
 
|October
 
|1852
 
|1852
|William Ramsey
+
|[[William Ramsey]]
 
|Predicted and then discovered each noble gas. Created the world's first Neon light.<ref>https://www.famousscientists.org/william-ramsay/</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ramsay</ref>
 
|Predicted and then discovered each noble gas. Created the world's first Neon light.<ref>https://www.famousscientists.org/william-ramsay/</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ramsay</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 774: Line 852:
 
|October
 
|October
 
|1882
 
|1882
|Robert Goddard
+
|[[Robert Goddard]]
 
|Developed the first liquid-fuel rocket.
 
|Developed the first liquid-fuel rocket.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 786: Line 864:
 
|October
 
|October
 
|1885
 
|1885
|Niels Bohr
+
|[[Niels Bohr]]
 
|Eminent Physicist.
 
|Eminent Physicist.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 798: Line 876:
 
|October
 
|October
 
|1803
 
|1803
|Robert Stephenson
+
|[[Robert Stephenson]]
 
|Engineer, inventor, and pioneer of rail transportation.
 
|Engineer, inventor, and pioneer of rail transportation.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 810: Line 888:
 
|November
 
|November
 
|1880
 
|1880
|Alfred Wegener
+
|[[Alfred Wegener]]
 
|Originator of the theory of continental drift.
 
|Originator of the theory of continental drift.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 822: Line 900:
 
|November
 
|November
 
|1922
 
|1922
|Christiaan Barnard
+
|[[Christiaan Barnard]]
 
|Cardiac surgeon. Performed the world's first human-to-human-heart transplant.
 
|Cardiac surgeon. Performed the world's first human-to-human-heart transplant.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 834: Line 912:
 
|November
 
|November
 
|1891
 
|1891
|Frederick Banting
+
|[[Frederick Banting]]
 
|Co-discoverer of insulin.
 
|Co-discoverer of insulin.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 840: Line 918:
 
|November
 
|November
 
|1738
 
|1738
|William Herschel
+
|[[William Herschel]]
 
|Distinguished astronomer. Discovered Uranus.
 
|Distinguished astronomer. Discovered Uranus.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 852: Line 930:
 
|November
 
|November
 
|1889
 
|1889
|Edwin Hubble
+
|[[Edwin Hubble]]
 
|Responsible for major advances in astronomy and cosmology.
 
|Responsible for major advances in astronomy and cosmology.
  +
|-
  +
|26
  +
|November
  +
|1876
  +
|[[Willis Carrier]]
  +
|Invented the air conditioner.
  +
|-
  +
|27
  +
|November
  +
|1701
  +
|[[Anders Celsius]]
  +
|Physicist, astronomer and mathematicians. Brought us the Celsius scale for temperature.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 864: Line 954:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1546
 
|1546
|Tycho Brahe
+
|[[Tycho Brahe]]
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
Line 870: Line 960:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1852
 
|1852
|Henri Becquerel
+
|[[Henri Becquerel]]
 
|Shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie in 1903.
 
|Shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie in 1903.
  +
|-
  +
|16
  +
|December
  +
|1917
  +
|[[Arthur C. Clarke]]
  +
|Science fiction writer. Made significant contributions to popularising science.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 882: Line 978:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1803
 
|1803
|Joseph Whitworth
+
|[[Joseph Whitworth]]
 
|Engineer, Inventor.
 
|Engineer, Inventor.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 888: Line 984:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1887
 
|1887
|Srinivasa Ramanujan
+
|[[Srinivasa Ramanujan]]
 
|One of the greatest mathematicians of his time.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/12/12_22.htm</ref>
 
|One of the greatest mathematicians of his time.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/12/12_22.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 906: Line 1,002:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1791
 
|1791
|Charles Babbage
+
|[[Charles Babbage]]
 
|Father of the computer.
 
|Father of the computer.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 912: Line 1,008:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1822
 
|1822
|Louis Pasteur
+
|[[Louis Pasteur]]
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
Line 918: Line 1,014:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1903
 
|1903
|John von Neumann
+
|[[John von Neumann]]
 
|Polymath.
 
|Polymath.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 924: Line 1,020:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1800
 
|1800
|Charles Goodyear
+
|[[Charles Goodyear]]
 
|Developed the process for vulcanizing rubber.
 
|Developed the process for vulcanizing rubber.
 
|-
 
|-
Line 930: Line 1,026:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1954
 
|1954
|Rodney Allen Brooks
+
|[[Rodney Allen Brooks]]
 
|Pioneer in artificial intelligence and robotics. Founded the company that produced the ''Roomba'' automated floor cleaner.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/12/12_30.htm</ref>
 
|Pioneer in artificial intelligence and robotics. Founded the company that produced the ''Roomba'' automated floor cleaner.<ref>https://www.todayinsci.com/12/12_30.htm</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
Line 936: Line 1,032:
 
|December
 
|December
 
|1929
 
|1929
|Jeremy Bernstein
+
|[[Jeremy Bernstein]]
 
|Physicist and prolific science educator.
 
|Physicist and prolific science educator.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
   
  +
{{Draft}}
== References ==
 
  +
{{STEM 365}}
  +
{{What Men Do}}
   
  +
== References ==
[[Category: STEM 365]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:53, 2 January 2025

This will be a list of 365 men that have made outstanding contributions in a STEM field other than in the development or use of weapons. All birth dates listed are in the Gregorian Calendar even if this calendar was not in use at the time and location of their birth. In some cases birth dates may be approximate. Names on the list may be replaced if better candidates are discovered.

Day Month Year Name Notes
1 January 1894 Satyendra Nath Bose Physicist. Polymath. Collaborated with Albert Einstein to establish Bose-Einstein statistics, which is fundamental to modern physics.[1]
2 January 1941 Donald B. Keck Invented optical fiber.[2]
3 January 1906 William Wilson Morgan Established that the Milky Way galaxy has spiral arms and co-developed stellar luminosity classes.[3]
4 January 1809 Louis Braille Developed Braille writing, now widely used by people with sight impairment.[4]
5 January 1909 Stephen Cole Kleene Mathematician. His work underpins theoretical computer science.[5]
6 January 1906 Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier Co-developed the hot-air balloon with his brother Jacques Étienne Montgolfier.[6]
7 January 1871 Émile Borel Mathematician. Made important contributions to probability theory and was an early researcher in game theory.[7]
8 January 1942 Stephen Hawking World famous and influential astrophysicist and cosmologist.[8]
9 January 1950 Sir Alec Jefferys Geneticist. Discovered how to DNA fingerprint individual humans. This has been used to exonerate many who have been falsely accused.[9]
10 January 1911 Norman Heatley Biochemist. Developed a method of mass producing penicillin resulting in its wide availability.
11 January 1887 Aldo Leopold Prominent early environmentalist.
12 January 1579 Jan Baptista van Helmont Coined the term 'gas' and was the first to establish the existence of gasses other than air.
13 January 1864 Wilhelm Wien Prolific physicist. Discovered the proton.
14 January 1801 Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart Considered to be the founder of modern paleobotany.
15 January 1785 William Prout Various discoveries. Advanced understanding of atomic physics. His work influenced the naming of the proton by Ernest Rutherford.[10]
16 January 1477 Johannes Schöner Mathematician, astronomer and geographer. Early and influential globe-maker.[11]
17 January 1706 Benjamin Franklin Polymath.
18 January 1880 Paul Ehrenfest Theoretical physicist. Made significant contributions to statistical mechanics.
19 January 1736 James Watt Engineer and inventor. Watt's steam engine contributed substantially to the industrial revolution.[12]
20 January 1775 André-Marie Ampère Significant advancements in electromagnetism.
21 January 1843 Émile Levassor Significant contributions to the development of the modern automobile.
22 January 1908 Lev Davidovich Landau Made significant contributions to theoretical physics. Received 1962 Nobel prize for physics.
4 February 1943 Kenneth Lane Thompson Co-developed the UNIX operating system which revolutionised computing.
8 February 1834 Dmitri Mendeleev Chemist and Inventor. Formulated the Periodic Law.
9 February 1846 Wilhelm Maybach Engineer. Pioneer in the development of the automobile.[13]
12 February 1809 Charles Darwin Established the idea of evolution through natural selection.
15 February 1564 Galileo Galilei Polymath.
18 February 1745 Alessandro Volta Credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.[14]
19 February 1943 Nicolaus Copernicus
20 February 1844 Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann Founded the field of statistical mechanics.[15] Proposed the Boltzmann brain thought experiment.
27 February 1899 Charles Best Co-discoverer of insulin.
28 February 1901 Linus Pauling Chemist, Biochemist, Chemical Engineer.
3 March 1847 Alexander Graham Bell Prolific inventor.
4 March 1847 Carl Josef Bayer Developed the process to cheaply extract Aluminium from Bauxite.
9 March 1934 Yuri Gagarin First person to travel in to space.
11 March 1926 Thomas Starzl Pioneered organ transplantation.
14 March 1879 Albert Einstein Mathematician. Proposed both special and general relativity. His work helped to establish quantum mechanics even though he always rejected it.
15 March
16 March 1953 Richard Stallman Founded the Free Software Foundation and was a major figure in the establishment of Free and open-source software.
17 March
18 March 1858 Rudolf Diesel Invented the Diesel engine.
23 March 1913 Paul Erdős Mathematician. Known for living an itinerant lifestyle in his later years in which he travelled the world and collaborated with world-class mathematicians on solving extremely difficult problems. Continues to be remembered in the Erdős Number.
29 March 1821 William Lyman Credited with inventing the rotating wheel can opener.
31 March 1596 René Descartes Philosopher, mathematician and scientist.
1 April 1578 William Harvey First to accurately describe how blood circulates in the body.
5 April 1827 Joseph Lister Pioneer of antiseptic surgery.
9 April 1806 Isambard Kingdom Brunel Prolific engineer & inventor.
15 April 1452 Leonardo da Vinci Polymath.
16 April 1867 Wilbur Wright Early innovator in aeronautics alongside his brother Orville.
21 April 1909 Józef Kosacki Invented the first portable mine detector.
22 April 1946 Paul Davies Prolific physicist.
23 April 1858 Max Planck Founder of quantum theory.
30 April 1777 Carl Friedrich Gauss Mathematician and physicist that made significant contributions in both fields.
8 May 1786 Thomas Hancock Invented the masticator, a machine used to recycle and reshape rubber scraps. This technology resulted in many new uses for rubber.[16]
11 May 1918 Richard Feynman Prolific physicist. Developed Feynmann Diagrams.
15 May 1859 Pierre Curie
17 May 1749 Edward Jenner
22 May 1814 Joseph-Louis Lambot Co-inventor of Ferro-cement along with Joseph Monier.[17]
23 May 1707 Carl Linnaeus Early and influential ecologist.
1 June 1907 Frank Whittle Invented the Turbojet engine.
8 June 1916 Tim Berners-Lee Developed the World Wide Web.
9 June 1781 George Stephenson Engineer, inventor and pioneer of rail transportation.
10 June 1913 Edward Abraham Intrumental in the development of early antibiotics.
13 June 1928 John Nash Fundamental contributor to game theory.
15 June 1915 Fred Hoyle Formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis - that stars are powered by nuclear fusion. Proponent of panspermia. Coined the term Big Bang as a derogatory term for what was then a new theory.
19 June 1623 Blaise Pascal Developed probability theory in mathematics.
22 June 1910 Konrad Zuse Developed the first electronic programmable computer.
23 June 1912 Alan Turing Computer Scientist, Mathematician. Developed the theoretical underpinnings of modern computing.
1 July 1646 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Polymath.
2 July 1906 Hans Albrecht Bethe Physicist. Conducted seminal work on quantum mechanics.[18]
3 July 1935 Harrison “Jack” Schmitt Scientist-Astronaut. Spent three days on the Lunar surface as part of the Apollo 17 mission.[19]
4 July 1883 Rube Goldberg Engineer & cartoonist. Satirised modern society's preoccupation with technology. Established the concept of the Rube Goldberg machine.[20]
10 July 1856 Nikola Tesla Prolific inventor.
12 July 1895 Buckminster Fuller Prolific inventor.
20 July 1822 Gregor Mendel Founder of the science of Genetics.
22 July 1888 Selman Waksman Discovered streptomycin, which was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis.
30 July 1863 Henry Ford Inventing the modern production line. Improvements in automobile engineering.
6 August 1881 Alexander Flemming Discovered penicillin.
14 August 1777 Hans Oersted Discovered the relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields, an important step paving the way towards the use of electricity.
19 August 1871 Orville Wright Early innovator in aeronautics alongside his brother Wilbur.
23 August 1769 Georges Cuvier Founder of Paleontology.
24 August 1918 Ray McIntire Invented Styrofoam.[21]
26 August 1906 Albert Bruce Sabin Developed the first oral polio vaccine.[22]
30 August 1871 Ernest Rutherford Physicist. Established the existence of the atomic nucleus.
6 September 1766 John Dalton Proposed modern atomic theory.
9 September 1941 Dennis Ritchie Developed the C programming language and co-developed UNIX. Both revolutionised computing.
16 September 1913 Ermal Cleon "Ernie" Fraze Invented the pull-tab, also known as the ring pull, used in canned beverages and increasingly canned food.
22 September 1791 Michael Faraday Prolific and influential scientist.
24 September 1898 Howard Florey Development of penicillin in to a useful and effective medication.
25 September 1866 Thomas Hunt Morgan Established the chromosome theory of heredity.
26 September 1754 Joseph-Louis Proust Found an important result leading to the modern science of chemistry.
27 September 1925 Sir Robert Edwards Codeveloped in-vitro fertilization (IVF) of the human egg.
29 September 1901 Enrico Fermi Prolific physicist.
2 October 1852 William Ramsey Predicted and then discovered each noble gas. Created the world's first Neon light.[23][24]
5 October 1882 Robert Goddard Developed the first liquid-fuel rocket.
7 October 1885 Niels Bohr Eminent Physicist.
16 October 1803 Robert Stephenson Engineer, inventor, and pioneer of rail transportation.
1 November 1880 Alfred Wegener Originator of the theory of continental drift.
8 November 1922 Christiaan Barnard Cardiac surgeon. Performed the world's first human-to-human-heart transplant.
14 November 1891 Frederick Banting Co-discoverer of insulin.
15 November 1738 William Herschel Distinguished astronomer. Discovered Uranus.
20 November 1889 Edwin Hubble Responsible for major advances in astronomy and cosmology.
26 November 1876 Willis Carrier Invented the air conditioner.
27 November 1701 Anders Celsius Physicist, astronomer and mathematicians. Brought us the Celsius scale for temperature.
14 December 1546 Tycho Brahe
15 December 1852 Henri Becquerel Shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie in 1903.
16 December 1917 Arthur C. Clarke Science fiction writer. Made significant contributions to popularising science.
21 December 1803 Joseph Whitworth Engineer, Inventor.
22 December 1887 Srinivasa Ramanujan One of the greatest mathematicians of his time.[25]
25 December 1642 Sir Isaac Newton Polymath.[26]
26 December 1791 Charles Babbage Father of the computer.
27 December 1822 Louis Pasteur
28 December 1903 John von Neumann Polymath.
29 December 1800 Charles Goodyear Developed the process for vulcanizing rubber.
30 December 1954 Rodney Allen Brooks Pioneer in artificial intelligence and robotics. Founded the company that produced the Roomba automated floor cleaner.[27]
31 December 1929 Jeremy Bernstein Physicist and prolific science educator.


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References